Authors: Hebah Abdel-Wahab , Tamara Gund

In Chemistry

By Science Publishing Group

Liquids can be flammable, combustible or can be neither flammable nor combustible liquids. Liquids with flash points below 100 F, 37.8 degree Celsius are flammable liquids. Liquids with flash points at or above 100°F, 37.8 degree Celsius are known to be combustible liquids. The lower the flash point is the higher the flammability of the liquid. Some solutions and liquids can conduct an electrical current by producing ions. Solutions are ether electrolytes or non-electrolytes. Electrolyte solutions can conduct electrical current. On the contrary to electrolytes, non-electrolytes don’t conduct an electrical current as they don’t dissociate into ions in solution. A non-halogenated compound is a compound that doesn’t contain a halogen element in their composition. This research is aimed to find a commercially available liquids and solutions that are non- halogenated, non-combustible, are liquids or in liquid-vapor equilibrium at ambient conditions, have a normal boiling point of ≥80°C, and aren’t electrically conductive, and to determine whether some suggested chemical compounds would meet the criterion: chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, bromine, mercury, and 100% concentrated sulfuric acid. Possible classes of compounds that meets the criterion requested are inorganic compounds including acids, bases, and salts, organic compounds including hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, amines, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, carbohydrates, amino acids and proteins, and lipids. Most inorganic solvents and soluble inorganic compounds are electrically conductive, and most of classes of organic solvents and organic compounds are either flammable or combustible. It was found that most of the suggested chemical compounds don’t meet the criterion, and some chemical compounds meeting the criterion requested were identified.

Authors: Md Helal Miah , Jianhua Zhang , Abdullah-Al Muin

In Physics

By Science Publishing Group

The main purpose of the digital aircraft assembly process is to ensure the high assembly accuracy of aircraft products, flexibility and reduce the assembly time. Also, reduce the assembly and manufacture error of tooling (Jig/Fixture) design for particular aircraft products. Generally, the aircraft product assembly process is complex, and it performs through the assembly and disassembly process. Regarding the complexity of the aircraft product assembly process, this research illustrates the systematic analysis of the simulation and visualization technology for the aircraft assembly process. This research introduces key technologies and solutions to realize the aircraft's assembly process visualization system. Then assembly simulation environment is implemented based on virtual reality modelling language (VRML), network, assembly process simulation, and visualization of assembly process documents. The digital aircraft assembly process technology has been divided into simulation and visualization systems in this research. The simulation process includes manufacturing factors, assembly objects, assembly sites, process equipment, tools, and devices. The visualization system visually processes the assembly simulation results and then outputs the processed results in the workshop workplace. It includes the related simulation results and adds necessary text technology to make it easier to understand the concept using visualization techniques to process the results. The research has practical value in the modern aircraft industry to propose an aircraft product simulation process based on computer-aided 3D design.

Authors: Leta Alemu Diba , Abel Ambaye Anfucho

In Medicine and Health Sciences

By Science Publishing Group

Acute abdomen is an acute onset of abdominal disease entities that require immediate surgical intervention in most of the cases. It is the commonly encountered emergency in the practice of general surgery but there was no much information regarding its magnitude in our country. Objective: This study had assessed the pattern of acute abdomen of patients surgically treated at Ambo referral hospital from January 2018-Dec. 2019 Methodology: This study was conducted at Ambo referral hospital and retrospective analysis of surgically treated acute abdomen patients from January 2018-Dec. 2019G. C. Enrolled patients medical record number was collected from surgical operation registration book and the charts were collected from chart collection room. Results: During this study period there were total of one hundred and eleven (111) patients admitted with diagnoses of acute abdomen and surgically treated on emergency basis. Males were more affected than females and most affected group were young age falls in 2nd and 3rd decades. The most common presenting symptoms were abdominal pain and vomiting whereas abdominal tenderness and distension were the leading signs. The leading causes of acute abdomen were acute appendicitis followed by intestinal obstruction and abdominal trauma. The investigation was ordered according to clinical diagnoses to aid/ confirm diagnoses. Post-operative stay was relatively similar with studies conducted in some part of the country and all over the world. In the study period above 90% were discharged with improvement where as 9% were died. Conclusion: This study depicted the commonest presenting symptoms and signs, most common etiology of acute abdomen and pre and post op stay which affected the outcome. Still some variables need deep study like why trauma becomes a 3rd leading cause and less affected females.

Authors: Rajyasri Roy

In Engineering, Other

By Science Publishing Group

Every individual aspire to live a healthy and prosperous life free of diseases and disorders. Living a healthy life implies not necessarily a physical state of well-being, but also it includes one’s good mental health too. A person may be born with a predisposition to a mental health disorder or he or she may acquire disorders due to negative influences from environments during his or her lifetime. Therefore shaping someone’s state of mind in a positive way, addressing mental, emotional or behavioral problems from a very early age is extremely important. Quite naturally, influence of schools in this regard is immense and a supportive, flourishing school environment act to a great extent to promote mental health of a child positively. Present studyaims to understand and highlight key aspects from the responses that come up as specific measures or activities taken by school or teachers for good mental health of the children and also to find out different measures/activities taken by a school or the teachers for promotion of positive and sustainable mental health among the students The method employed being the Interview method and the tool used being the Questionnaire designed by the researcher for interviewing teachers in a high school. Interviews of five assistant teachers of the school were conducted based on the questionnaire prepared and their responses were noted on the questionnaire. Qualitative analysis of the quantitative interpretation of the data collected were discussed to achieve in depth understanding of the role played by school in promoting sustainable mental health of a student.

Authors: Sani Fakai Abubakar , Mohammed Olarenwaju Ibrahim

In Mathematics

By Science Publishing Group

A deterministic mathematical cholera model is formulated using ordinary differential equations. The formulated system of equations was then transformed into fractional derivative of Caputo sense, with order λ that ranges between 0 and 1. The transformed equations were displayed in Caputo sense fractional order derivative using the fractional derivative operator. These equations were then interpreted and the numerical Adams-Bashforth-Moulton kind of predictor-corrector method was used on maple 18 software to obtain the model’s outcome. Dynamics of cholera disease controls, comprising treatment, hygiene consciousness and vaccine were analyzed and the results were produced in graphs. The graphs show the dynamics of the susceptible, effects of vaccine on the susceptible and the rate of cholera infection. After studying and interpretation of the graphs, the result show that lower fractional order values in the range 0.25 to 0.5 gives lower values of susceptible and vaccinated individuals but gives higher number of infected individuals. To test efficiency of the obtained result, we compared it with the integer order derivative result, and found that the fractional order results gave a better and efficient, portray of the successful useable controls. Caputo sense fractional order derivative using Adams-Bashforth-Moulton kind of predictor-corrector numerical method, guaranteed getting result similar to Runge-Kutta fourth-order numerical method.

Authors: Ernestine Gheyoh Ndzi

In Social and Behavioral Sciences, Philosophy

By Science Publishing Group

The paper examines the content, pay package, and uptake of shared parental leave within 66 UK universities. The study aimed to consider whether the nature of the policy and the pay impacted the effectiveness of shared parental leave. Data for the study was obtained by analysing the shared parental leave policies of 66 universities in the UK whose policies were publicly accessible through the university websites. Freedom of Information requests was made to 125 universities listed on The UniGuide 2020 to obtain data on the take-up of shared parental leave in UK universities. Out of the 125 universities, 80 responded to the freedom of information with data on shared parental leave take-up from 2016-2021. Findings demonstrate a mixed picture of the level of details universities tend to include in their policy document. While some universities provided detailed information with examples to support staff, others provided as little as a line directing staff to the government website on shared parental leave policy. While most universities enhance maternity and paternity leave, not all universities extended the pay generosity to shared parental leave. This is seen as a disincentive to parents to take shared parental leave given that shared parental leave is not an addition to maternity leave for the mother. The findings supports the stereotypical gendered norms in which most workplaces are modelled. There was no identifiable trend within a particular group of universities regarding the length of the policy document or material included in the policy. However, there was an identifiable trend regarding shared parental leave take-up. The top 10 universities with the highest take up of shared parental leave were mostly Russell Group universities which could also be described as research-active institutions. This study concludes that gendered inequality in the workplace and motherhood penalty are why most universities are not proactive in supporting shared parental leave policy.

Authors: Nwoke Emmanuel Chukwuebuka , Ebenezer Obi Daniel , Oladapo Michael Olagbegi , Paul Olaiya Abiodun , Ahmed Mamuda Bello , Michael Avwerhota , Michael Olabode Tomori , Friday Iyobosa Igbinovia , Adebanke Adetutu Ogun , Folake Abiola Abiodun , Stellamaris Moronkeji , Esther Brodrick-Shehu

In Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine, Public Health

By Science Publishing Group

The issue of COVID-19 vaccination is an important step in the control of the COVID-19 infection in the community. There have been different adopted strategies in the control of the infection and the best public intervention has been getting vaccinated for now. The most likely solution to ending the current pandemic remains through achieving a better community reach, and the frank acceptance of the availed WHO-approved COVID-19 vaccine in communities. In this study, the reason for the COVID-19 vaccine uptake was evaluated across 3 geopolitical zones in Nigeria with differential political affiliation. This study utilized a qualitative sample collection methodology to qualify the prevalence of different views on COVID-19 vaccine acceptability, access, and political trust. The data was gathered utilizing pre-tested in-depth interviews, which were transcribed and analyzed thematically through the transcripts obtained from the open-ended key informant interviews. The findings from the qualitative studies indicated that the fear of the side effects, apathy/lack of interest, scarce logistics, people’s opinion, and self-denial were more of the pertinent issue around the poor COVID-19 vaccine uptake among the respondents. Government needs to ensure that health interventions rolled are adequately accessible to the targeted people and should consider the community culture while rolling out health interventions.

Authors: Nguyen Trung Dung , Bui Thi Thu Hoa , Nguyen Tuan Anh

In Life Sciences, Biology

By Science Publishing Group

The integrated pest management (IPM) program was implemented in 2015 and 2016 in the province of Soc Trang. The research question is whether Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) with pattern recognition can be useful for classifying farmers for a more realistic assessment of the performance of an IPM program. To evaluate the performance of the program, three datasets were collected, including dataset S1i with 450 farmers interviewed before conducting the IPM program, S2i with 250 farmers in the pilot area (communes/villages), and S3i with 50 farmers outside the pilot area. The conventional statistical assessment method (CAM) assumes that all farmers in each dataset behave similarly related to IPM concerning the seed, spray frequency, and dosage. This means that the original datasets were used to estimate the required statistical parameters. Thus, the traditional approach wastes information hidden in all surveyed data. Based on ANN, we can classify and determine the percentage of farmers in the six groups or the level of IPM adoption (3 neutral groups and 3 active groups) as well as the actual benefits of the IPM program. ANN-based assessment method (ANN-M) has been proven to be better than CAM in evaluating the performance of the project.

Authors: Kanae Hara , Naoko Koda

In Arts and Humanities, Other

By Science Publishing Group

This study quantitatively examines the characteristics of depictions of animals in 189 picture books of fantastic there and back again stories in which humans are the protagonists, and explores the interactions between humans and animals. While many animals are involved in protagonists’ movement to other worlds, far more animals are uninvolved. The animals are often portrayed as having unclear age and sex. Various species have been identified, and cats are the most popular animals that assist the protagonists’ movement and they may or may not opt to participate in their movement; meanwhile, crows tend to trigger the movement. Animals that are uninvolved in the protagonists’ movement are characterized by their location depending on whether they are domestic animals, which tend to be shown in the world before the protagonists’ movement; feral animals tend to be seen in the world after the protagonists’ movement. Many animals in picture books give children a sense of security while reading from the standpoint of biophilia and promoting understanding of the story. The vagueness of animals’ age, sex, and appearance can expand the imaginations of child readers. Cats, in particular, can attract humans from the inside to the outside of their living sphere with their fantastical nature associated with their ecology and history of relationships with humans as companion animals. Crows are described as having the ability to cross the real world and other realms due to their history of being worshiped by humans and their ability to fly. Fantastic there and back again stories in picture books provide opportunities for children to form perceptions of animals. Further, depictions of animals in picture books may expand children’s cognition when they understand the world and form their own perspectives.