Authors: Michael Strupp , Thomas Brandt

In Medicine and Health Sciences

By NCBI Pubmed

Introduction: Vertigo is not a separate disease process, but a multisensory and sensorimotor syndrome with various etiologies and pathogeneses. It is among the commonest symptoms presented to doctors, with a lifetime prevalence of around 20 to 30%. Patients have often consulted multiple physicians before a diagnosis is made and therapy initiated. Methods: Selective literature research and review of the guidelines of the German Neurological Society. Results: A careful history remains the cornerstone of diagnosis. Once the correct diagnosis is made, specific and effective treatments are available for most peripheral, central, and psychogenic forms of dizziness. Treatment may include medication, physiotherapy, and psychotherapy; a few limited cases may require surgical treatment. The treatment of choice for acute vestibular neuritis is the administration of corticosteroids. Menière's disease is treated with high-dose, long-term betahistine. A new approach to the management of downbeat and upbeat nystagmus, and of episodic ataxia type 2, involves the use of aminopyridines as potassium-channel blockers. Close multidisciplinary cooperation is essential in dizziness, and further multicenter studies are needed.

Authors: Mahendra Kumar Trivedi , Sambhu Charan Mondal , Mayank Gangwar , Snehasis Jana

In Life Sciences, Medicine and Health Sciences, Public Health

By NCBI Pubmed

Background: Herbomineral formulations are momentous in an audience of worldwide by virtue of their holistic approach to life. These formulations are widely used as complementary therapies in immunocompromised patients including cancer. Still, there is the need of cost-effective and safe herbomineral-based formulation that can modulate immune response by the regulation of cytokines cascades. Objective: Current study, we investigated immunomodulatory effect of TEBEH in LPS-induced cytokines expression levels in mouse splenocytes in vitro. Materials and methods: The most effective and safe concentrations of TEBEH were chosen by determining the cell viability of splenocytes using MTT assay. The pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, MIP-1α, and IFN-γ were measured in cell supernatants using ELISA. Results: MTT data showed TEBEH formulation was found safe up to 10.53 μg/mL. At noncytotoxic concentrations (0.00001053-10.53 μg/mL), TEBEH significantly (P ≤ 0.001) inhibited the expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, and MIP-1α in mouse splenocytes as compared with vehicle control. Conclusion: In summary, TEBEH may indeed promote an anti-inflammatory environment by suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These observations indicated that TEBEH has potential effects in downregulating the immune system and might be developed as a useful anti-inflammatory product for various inflammatory disorders. Summary: The present study was undertaken to evaluate an immunomodulatory effect of the herbomineral formulation in LPS-induced mouse splenocytes with the measurement of cytokines expression such as TNF-α, IL-1β, MIP-1α and IFN-γ. The results showed that the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and MIP-1α was significantly down-regulated while, IFN-γ was significantly up-regulated in mouse splenocytes. It is hypothesized that modulation of the proinflammatory cytokines might occur via NF-κB pathway. Therefore, the herbomineral test formulation might act as an effective anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory product, and this can be used as a complementary and alternative treatment for the prevention of various types of inflammatory and auto-immune disorders Abbreviations used: LPS: Lipopolysaccharide, IL: Interleukin; NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa-B, TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor alpha, MIP-1α: Macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, IFN-γ: Interferon, MTT: 3-(4,5-diamethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2Htetrazolium), ELISA: Enzyme linked immune sorbent assay, ANOVA: Analysis of variance.

Authors: Queenie Fernandes , Varghese Philipose Inchakalody , Maysaloun Merhi , Sarra Mestiri , Nassiba Taib , Dina Moustafa Abo El-Ella , Takwa Bedhiafi , Afsheen Raza , Lobna Al-Zaidan , Mona O Mohsen , Mariam Ali Yousuf Al-Nesf , Ali Ait Hssain , Hadi Mohamad Yassine , Martin F Bachmann , Shahab Uddin , Said Dermime

In Life Sciences, Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine, Internal Medicine

By NCBI Pubmed

The emergence of novel and evolving variants of SARS-CoV-2 has fostered the need for change in the form of newer and more adaptive diagnostic methods for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infections. On the other hand, developing rapid and sensitive diagnostic technologies is now more challenging due to emerging variants and varying symptoms exhibited among the infected individuals. In addition to this, vaccines remain the major mainstay of prevention and protection against infection. Novel vaccines and drugs are constantly being developed to unleash an immune response for the robust targeting of SARS-CoV-2 and its associated variants. In this review, we provide an updated perspective on the current challenges posed by the emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 mutants/variants and the evolution of diagnostic techniques to enable their detection. In addition, we also discuss the development, formulation, working mechanisms, advantages, and drawbacks of some of the most used vaccines/therapeutic drugs and their subsequent immunological impact.

Authors: Di Chen , Si Yu Tao , Tian Le Chen , Ying Yu Luo , Zhu Ling Guo

In Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine, Public Health

By Science Publishing Group

Headache is a common nervous system symptom with complex causes, including neurogenic, odontogenic, vascular, infectious and so on. Headache is generally manifested as pain in the region above the skull, orbit and occipital bone. But sometimes it also involves pain in the oral and maxillofacial region, because the craniofacial region is closely adjacent to the oral anatomy. Some oral diseases, such as pulpitis, temporomandibular joint disorder syndrome, and oral mucosal disease, can not only cause pain at the primary site, but also show head and face pain. Therefore, headache is easily confused with some oral diseases in clinical diagnosis. A large number of clinical reports at home and abroad have analyzed the correlation between neurologic diseases and oral diseases. This paper attempts to analyze the internal relationship between the two from clinical manifestations, pathogenesis and other aspects, focusing on the discussion of headache caused by oral diseases, which is meaningful for stomatologists and neurologists, and is conducive to expanding the thinking of oral disease research and diagnosis and treatment.

Authors: James Anderson

In Medicine and Health Sciences

By kanag 7078

Authors: johnsalt

In Medicine and Health Sciences

By john salt

Authors: Daisy Wilson

In Medicine and Health Sciences

By daisy wilson

Authors: Ying Yu Luo , Zhu Ling Guo , Marieke de Regt , Rogier Ooijevaar , Marcel Jonges , Akiyoshi Kakita , genericmedsstore

In Medicine and Health Sciences

By jack william

Authors: elenawilliams

In Medicine and Health Sciences

By elena williams